Research Interests
My research interests are in embedded systems and edge computing. My work mainly focuses on (1) designing on-device learning algorithms for edge devices in real-world environments, (2) building embedded systems and IoT networks that support new applications and needs. I am particularly excited about advancing next-generation edge intelligence that is efficient, robust and innovative .
Topics:
On-Device AI for IoT
Distributed AI for IoT
New IoT Applications
IoT Design Automatiion
SensorQA: A Question Answering Benchmark for Daily-Life Monitoring
B. Reichman* , X. Yu * , L. Hu, J. Truxal, A. Jain, R. Chandrupatla, T. Rosing, L. Heck
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2025
[code ]
[arXiv ]
Lifelong Intelligence beyond the Edge using Hyperdimensional Computing
X. Yu , A. Thomas, I. Gomez Moreno, L. Gutierrez, T. Rosing
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) , 2024
[code ]
[slides ]
[arXiv ]
[bib ]
Async-HFL: Efficient and Robust Asynchronous Federated Learning in Hierarchical IoT Networks
X. Yu , L. Cherkasova, H. Vardhan, Q. Zhao, E. Ekaireb, X. Zhang, A. Mazumdar, T. Rosing
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI) , 2023
[code ]
[slides ]
[arXiv ]
[bib ]
Optimizing Sensor Deployment and Maintenance Cost for Large-Scale Environmental Monitoring
X. Yu , K. Ergun, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems (TCAD) , 2020
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
Journal Articles
Federated Hyperdimensional Computing: Comprehensive Analysis and Robust Communication
Y. Tian* , R. Chandrasekaran* , K. Ergun* , X. Yu , T. Rosing
ACM Transactions on Internet of Things (TIOT) , 2025
Private and Efficient Learning with Hyperdimensional Computing
B. Khaleghi* , X. Yu * , J. Kang, X. Wang, T. Rosing
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence (TCASAI) , 2024
[bib ]
Enhanced Noise-Resilient Pressure Mat System based on Hyperdimensional Computing
F. Asgarinejad, X. Yu , D. Jiang, J. Morris, T. Rosing, B. Aksanli
MDPI Sensors , 2024
[bib ]
Automating and Optimizing Reliability-Driven Deployment in Energy-Harvesting IoT Networks
X. Yu , K. Ergun, X. Song, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
Optimizing Sensor Deployment and Maintenance Cost for Large-Scale Environmental Monitoring
X. Yu , K. Ergun, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems (TCAD) , 2020
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
Restoring the Sense of Bladder Fullness for Spinal Cord Injury Patients
D. Fong, X. Yu , J. Mao, M. Saffarpour, R. Abueshsheikh, P. Gupta, A. Alcantar, E. Kurzrock, S. Ghiasi
Smart Health , 2018
[bib ]
Conference Proceedings
SensorQA: A Question Answering Benchmark for Daily-Life Monitoring
B. Reichman* , X. Yu * , L. Hu, J. Truxal, A. Jain, R. Chandrupatla, T. Rosing, L. Heck
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2025
[code ]
[arXiv ]
Bridging the Gap between Hyperdimensional Computing and Kernel Methods via the Nyström Method
Q. Zhao, A. Thomas, A. Brin, X. Yu , T. Rosing
AAAI Conference on Artifical Intelligence (AAAI) , 2025
[code ]
Rhychee-FL: Robust and Efficient Hyperdimensional Federated Learning with Homomorphic Encryption
Y. Nam, A. Moitra* , Y. Venkatesha* , X. Yu * , G. De Micheli, X. Wang, M. Zhou, A. Vega, P. Panda, T. Rosing
Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE) , 2025
Lifelong Intelligence beyond the Edge using Hyperdimensional Computing
X. Yu , A. Thomas, I. Gomez Moreno, L. Gutierrez, T. Rosing
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) , 2024
[code ]
[slides ]
[arXiv ]
[bib ]
Evolve: Enhancing Unsupervised Continual Learning with Multiple Experts
X. Yu , T. Rosing, Y. Guo
IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) , 2024
[code ]
[slides ]
[poster ]
[bib ]
MultimodalHD: Federated Learning over Heterogeneous Sensor Modalities using Hyperdimensional Computing
Q. Zhao, X. Yu , S. Hu, T. Rosing
Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE) , 2024
[code ]
[bib ]
KalmanHD: Robust On-Device Time Series Forecasting with Hyperdimensional Computing
I. Gomez Moreno, X. Yu , T. Rosing
Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC) , 2024
[code ]
[bib ]
Async-HFL: Efficient and Robust Asynchronous Federated Learning in Hierarchical IoT Networks
X. Yu , L. Cherkasova, H. Vardhan, Q. Zhao, E. Ekaireb, X. Zhang, A. Mazumdar, T. Rosing
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI) , 2023
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
[arXiv ]
Self-Train: Self-Supervised On-Device Training for Post-Deployment Adaptation
J. Liu, X. Yu , T. Rosing
IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
Automating Reliable and Fault-Tolerant Design of LoRa-based IoT Networks
X. Yu , W. Xu, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) , 2021
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
Best Paper Award
Efficient Distributed Training in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks with Active Sampling
Y. Guo, X. Yu , K. Chaudhuri, T. Rosing
IEEE International Conference on Mobility, Sensing and Networking (MSN) , 2020
[bib ]
Reliability-Driven Deployment in Energy-Harvesting Sensor Networks
X. Yu , X. Song, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) , 2020
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
RelIoT: Reliability Simulator for IoT Networks
K. Ergun, X. Yu , N. Nagesh, L. Cherkasova, P. Mercati, R. Ayoub, T. Rosing
International Conference on Internet of Things (ICIOT) , 2020
[code ]
[bib ]
A Robotic Auto-Focus System based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
X. Yu , R. Yu, J. Yang, X. Duan
International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV) , 2018
[code ]
[slides ]
[arXiv ]
[bib ]
Workshop Papers
SCALE: Online Self-Supervised Lifelong Learning without Prior Knowledge
X. Yu , Y. Guo, S. Gao, T. Rosing
CVPR Workshop on Continual Learning (CLVision) , 2023
[code ]
[poster ]
[bib ]
[arXiv ]
EmbHD: A Library for Hyperdimensional Computing Research on MCU-Class Devices
A. Redding, X. Yu , S. Hu, P. Pannuto, T. Rosing
MobiCom Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems for a Sustainable Society (NET4us) , 2023
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
Unleashing Hyperdimensional Computing with Nyström Method based Data Adaptive Encoding
Q. Zhao, A. Thomas, A. Brin, X. Yu , T. Rosing
NeurIPS Workshop on ML with New Compute Paradigms (MLNCP) , 2023
ns3-fl: Simulating Federated Learning with ns-3
E. Ekaireb, X. Yu , K. Ergun, Q. Zhao, K. Lee, M. Huzaifa, T. Rosing
The Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
Posters, Demos and Other Publications
Poster Abstract: Fine-grained Contextualized Activity Logs Generation based on Multi-Modal Sensor Data and LLM
Y. Tian, O. Gungor, X. Yu , T. Rosing
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2025
Demo: A Real Time Question Answering System for Multimodal Sensors using LLMs
X. Yu , L. Hu, B. Reichman, R. Chandrupatla, D. Chu, X. Zhang, L. Heck, T. Rosing
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2024
[bib ]
Poster: Resource-Efficient Environmental Sound Classification Using Hyperdimensional Computing
R. Wang* , S. Bian* , X. Yu , Q. Zhao, L. Zhang, T. Rosing
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2024
[bib ]
Lightning Talk: Private and Secure Learning at the Edge with Hyperdimensional Computing
X. Yu , M. Zhou, F. Asgarinejad, O. Gungor, B. Aksanli, T. Rosing
Design Automation Conference (DAC) , 2023
PhD Forum Abstract: Intelligence beyond the Edge in IoT
X. Yu
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) , 2023.
[slides ]
[bib ]
Best PhD Forum Presentation Award
Attentive Multimodal Learning on Sensor Data using Hyperdimensional Computing
Q. Zhao, X. Yu , T. Rosing
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) , 2023
[bib ]
FedHD: Federated Learning with Hyperdimensional Computing
Q. Zhao, K. Lee, J. Liu, M. Huzaifa, X. Yu , T. Rosing
ACM Annual International Conference On Mobile Computing And Networking (MobiCom) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
On-Device AI for IoT
Bridging the Gap between Hyperdimensional Computing and Kernel Methods via the Nyström Method
Q. Zhao, A. Thomas, A. Brin, X. Yu , T. Rosing
AAAI Conference on Artifical Intelligence (AAAI) , 2025
[code ]
Lifelong Intelligence beyond the Edge using Hyperdimensional Computing
X. Yu , A. Thomas, I. Gomez Moreno, L. Gutierrez, T. Rosing
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) , 2024
[code ]
[slides ]
[arXiv ]
[bib ]
Evolve: Enhancing Unsupervised Continual Learning with Multiple Experts
X. Yu , T. Rosing, Y. Guo
IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) , 2024
[code ]
[slides ]
[poster ]
[bib ]
Private and Efficient Learning with Hyperdimensional Computing
B. Khaleghi* , X. Yu * , J. Kang, X. Wang, T. Rosing
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence (TCASAI) , 2024
[bib ]
KalmanHD: Robust On-Device Time Series Forecasting with Hyperdimensional Computing
I. Gomez Moreno, X. Yu , T. Rosing
Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC) , 2024
[code ]
[bib ]
SCALE: Online Self-Supervised Lifelong Learning without Prior Knowledge
X. Yu , Y. Guo, S. Gao, T. Rosing
CVPR Workshop on Continual Learning (CLVision) , 2023
[code ]
[poster ]
[bib ]
[arXiv ]
EmbHD: A Library for Hyperdimensional Computing Research on MCU-Class Devices
A. Redding, X. Yu , S. Hu, P. Pannuto, T. Rosing
MobiCom Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems for a Sustainable Society (NET4us) , 2023
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
Unleashing Hyperdimensional Computing with Nyström Method based Data Adaptive Encoding
Q. Zhao, A. Thomas, A. Brin, X. Yu , T. Rosing
NeurIPS Workshop on ML with New Compute Paradigms (MLNCP) , 2023
Self-Train: Self-Supervised On-Device Training for Post-Deployment Adaptation
J. Liu, X. Yu , T. Rosing
IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
Distributed AI for IoT
Federated Hyperdimensional Computing: Comprehensive Analysis and Robust Communication
Y. Tian* , R. Chandrasekaran* , K. Ergun* , X. Yu , T. Rosing
ACM Transactions on Internet of Things (TIOT) , 2025
Rhychee-FL: Robust and Efficient Hyperdimensional Federated Learning with Homomorphic Encryption
Y. Nam, A. Moitra* , Y. Venkatesha* , X. Yu * , G. De Micheli, X. Wang, M. Zhou, A. Vega, P. Panda, T. Rosing
Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE) , 2025
MultimodalHD: Federated Learning over Heterogeneous Sensor Modalities using Hyperdimensional Computing
Q. Zhao, X. Yu , S. Hu, T. Rosing
Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE) , 2024
[code ]
[bib ]
Async-HFL: Efficient and Robust Asynchronous Federated Learning in Hierarchical IoT Networks
X. Yu , L. Cherkasova, H. Vardhan, Q. Zhao, E. Ekaireb, X. Zhang, A. Mazumdar, T. Rosing
ACM/IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI) , 2023
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
[arXiv ]
FedHD: Federated Learning with Hyperdimensional Computing
Q. Zhao, K. Lee, J. Liu, M. Huzaifa, X. Yu , T. Rosing
ACM Annual International Conference On Mobile Computing And Networking (MobiCom) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
Efficient Distributed Training in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks with Active Sampling
Y. Guo, X. Yu , K. Chaudhuri, T. Rosing
IEEE International Conference on Mobility, Sensing and Networking (MSN) , 2020
[bib ]
New IoT Applications
Poster Abstract: Fine-grained Contextualized Activity Logs Generation based on Multi-Modal Sensor Data and LLM
Y. Tian, O. Gungor, X. Yu , T. Rosing
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2025
SensorQA: A Question Answering Benchmark for Daily-Life Monitoring
B. Reichman* , X. Yu * , L. Hu, J. Truxal, A. Jain, R. Chandrupatla, T. Rosing, L. Heck
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2025
[code ]
[arXiv ]
Demo: A Real Time Question Answering System for Multimodal Sensors using LLMs
X. Yu , L. Hu, B. Reichman, R. Chandrupatla, D. Chu, X. Zhang, L. Heck, T. Rosing
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2024
[bib ]
Poster: Resource-Efficient Environmental Sound Classification Using Hyperdimensional Computing
R. Wang* , S. Bian* , X. Yu , Q. Zhao, L. Zhang, T. Rosing
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) , 2024
[bib ]
Enhanced Noise-Resilient Pressure Mat System based on Hyperdimensional Computing
F. Asgarinejad, X. Yu , D. Jiang, J. Morris, T. Rosing, B. Aksanli
MDPI Sensors , 2024
[bib ]
Restoring the Sense of Bladder Fullness for Spinal Cord Injury Patients
D. Fong, X. Yu , J. Mao, M. Saffarpour, R. Abueshsheikh, P. Gupta, A. Alcantar, E. Kurzrock, S. Ghiasi
Smart Health , 2018
[bib ]
A Robotic Auto-Focus System based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
X. Yu , R. Yu, J. Yang, X. Duan
International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV) , 2018
[code ]
[slides ]
[arXiv ]
[bib ]
IoT Design Automation
Automating and Optimizing Reliability-Driven Deployment in Energy-Harvesting IoT Networks
X. Yu , K. Ergun, X. Song, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
Optimizing Sensor Deployment and Maintenance Cost for Large-Scale Environmental Monitoring
X. Yu , K. Ergun, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems (TCAD) , 2020
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
Automating Reliable and Fault-Tolerant Design of LoRa-based IoT Networks
X. Yu , W. Xu, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) , 2021
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
Best Paper Award
Reliability-Driven Deployment in Energy-Harvesting Sensor Networks
X. Yu , X. Song, L. Cherkasova, T. Rosing
International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) , 2020
[code ]
[slides ]
[bib ]
RelIoT: Reliability Simulator for IoT Networks
K. Ergun, X. Yu , N. Nagesh, L. Cherkasova, P. Mercati, R. Ayoub, T. Rosing
International Conference on Internet of Things (ICIOT) , 2020
[code ]
[bib ]
ns3-fl: Simulating Federated Learning with ns-3
E. Ekaireb, X. Yu , K. Ergun, Q. Zhao, K. Lee, M. Huzaifa, T. Rosing
The Workshop on ns-3 (WNS3) , 2022
[code ]
[bib ]
Others
Teaching Experiences
Guest Lecturer , UCSD CSE, 237A: Introduction to Embedding Computing, Winter'23, Winter'25
Teaching Assistant , UCSD CSE, 237A: Introduction to Embedding Computing, Winter'22, Winter'23
(Recommendation rate: 100%)
Teaching Assistant , PKU EE, Emerging Techniques for Modern Wireless Communications, Spring'18
Mentorship Experiences
I have mentored over 30 students across HS, BS, MS, and PhD levels since 2020, including the following notable individuals:
Ye Tian, PhD'29 at UCSD, Publication: TIOT'25 , SenSys'25 poster
Louis Gutierrez, PhD student at UCSD → E3R Inc., Publication: IPSN'24
Alexander Redding, PhD'27 at UCSD, Publication: MobiCom'23 workshop
Danlin Jiang, MS'23 at UCSD → RF-Lambda, Publication: MDPI Sensors'24
Shengfan Hu, MS'24 at UCSD → Supermicro, Publication: MobiCom'23 workshop , DATE'24
Run Wang, BS'26 at UCSD, Publication: SenSys'24 poster
Rushil Chandrupatla, BS'26 at UCSD, Publication: SenSys'24 demo , SenSys'25
Dylan Chu, BS'25 at UCSD, Publication: SenSys'24 demo
Ivannia Gomez Moreno, BS'23 at CETYS University → MS'26 at TUM, Publication: ASP-DAC'24 , IPSN'24
Quanling Zhao, BS'24 at UCSD → PhD'29 at UCSD, Publication: MobiCom'22 demo , IPSN'23 poster , NeurIPS'23 workshop , DATE'24 , AAAI'25 )
Jinhao Liu, BS'22 at UCSD → Whova, Publication: SmartIoT'22
Emily Ekaireb, BS'22 at UCSD → MS'24 at UCSD, Publication: WNS3'22
Xueyang Song, BS'21 at UCSD → MS'23 at Stanford, Publication: CNSM'20 , TNSM'22
I also served as a Mentor in the following programs:
Miscellaneous
Since 2021, I have been organizing paper reading groups to help students in:
reading papers accurately and efficiently,
designing and conducting research schedules,
discussing research effectively with other people.
Throughout this process, I have found that using a
template I created is very helpful. You can explore a repository of all the papers we have reviewed
here .