Penrose's Eight-Conic Theorem and Eight-Quadric Theorem

Russell Arnold
Goetheanum in Dornach
Albert Chern
UC San Diego
Charles Gunn
Falkensee, Germany
Thomas Neukirchner
Free Waldorf School
Roger Penrose
University of Oxford
Pappus (340)
Pascal (1640)
Salmon (1855)
Penrose (1950)

This sequence of articles prove the following theorem, first enunciated by Roger Penrose about 70 years ago: In \(\mathbb{P}^2\), if regular conics are assigned to seven of the vertices of a combinatorial cube such that (i) conics connected by an edge are in double contact, and (ii) the chords of contact associated to a cube face have a common point, then there exists an eighth conic which completes the cube and satisfies the same conditions (i) and (ii). This conic is unique if not all the common points fof condition (ii) are the same.

One proof is based elementary projective geometry in \(\mathbb{P}^5\), the parameter space of conics.

Another proof is based on the following analogue theorem: In \(\mathbb{P}^3\), if regular quadrics are assigned to seven of the vertices of a combinatorial cube such that (i) quadrics connected by an edge are in ring contact, and (ii) the ring planes associated to a cube face have a common axis, then there exists an eighth quadric which completes the cube and satisfies the same conditions (i) and (ii). This quadric is unique if not all common axes of condition (ii) are the same. A proof for this eight-quadric theorem is directly in \(\mathbb{P}^5\). An alternative proof is based on elementary projective geometry in \(\mathbb{P}^9\), the parameter space of quadrics.