#aliasing
x = [0]

y = x

y[0] = "a"

x



#namespaces

__builtins__

__builtins__.__dict__.keys()

#creating namespaces: modules

import a

import b

a

b

a.__dict__.keys()


b.__dict__.keys()


(a.x, a.y)

(b.x, b.y)


a.x = ["sirius","black"]

b.y = a.x 

b.y[0] = ["remulus"] #aliasing


globals()

x = 102

globals()




# creating local namespaces 
x = 10
def f(y):
  y = y + x
  return y

f(x)

#202 368 9092







y = 0
x = [10]

def f(y):
  z = len(x) + y
  return z


f(5)












def g(y): return y + n

g(5)







n = 10
g(5)















n = 100

g(5)



















n

def f():
  n = "smash"
  print n

f()

n








x = 10

def f():
  x = x + 1
  print x

f()












x = 10

def f(y):
  y = y + x
  return y

f(x)

x






x = [10]

def f(y):
    x[0] = y

f("hogwart")

x











x = [10]

def f(y):
  def h(z): return (y+x[0]+z)
  return h

foo = f(5)

foo

foo(100)

foo1 = f(-5)

foo1

foo1(100)

x = [100]

foo(100)

foo1(100)
















x = [0]

def f(y):
  def g():
    x[0] = x[0] + 1
    y[0] = y[0] + 1
    return (y[0],x[0])
  return g

foo1 = f([100])

foo2 = f([1000])

[foo1(),foo1(),foo1(),foo1(),foo2(),foo2(),foo2(),foo2()]





















###########################################################

import pluscount

pluscount.ctr

pluscount.reset

pluscount.next()
pluscount.next()
pluscount.next()


import minuscount 

minuscount.ctr

minuscount.reset

minuscount.next()
minuscount.next()
minuscount.next()
minuscount.next()



def doCount(c,n=10):
  c.reset()
  for i in range(n):
    print c.next()



doCount(pluscount)

doCount(minuscount,20)

import scount

scount.reset("words")

doCount(scount,40)

#----------------------------------------------------------

class Point:
  x = 0
  y = 0


Point.x

Point.y




p = Point()

p.x

p.y

p.x = 7


q = Point()

q.x

q.x = 10

p.x 



#-----------------------------------------------------------

class Point:
  x = 0
  y = 0
  def move(self,dx,dy):
    self.x = self.x + dx
    self.y = self.y + dy





    




Point.__dict__.keys()

Point.x
Point.y
Point.move




p = Point()

q = Point()


p.move 


p.move(10,100)





#bind instance methods to other names
(p.x,p.y)

f = p.move

for i in range(10):
  f(100,100)

(p.x,p.y)

#-----------------------------------------------------------

class Point:
  x = 0
  y = 0

  def move(self,dx,dy):
    self.x = self.x + dx
    self.y = self.y + dy

  def jump(self,x,y):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y



p = Point()

(p.x,p.y)


p.jump(10,15)

(p.x,p.y)



#"default" methods

class Point:
  count = 0
  x = 0
  y = 0

  def move(self,dx,dy):
    self.x = self.x + dx
    self.y = self.y + dy

  def jump(self,x,y):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y

  def __init__(self,x,y):
    Point.count = Point.count + 1
    self.jump(x,y)
    
  def __repr__(self): 
    return "Point(" + str(self.x) + "," + str(self.y) + ")"
  def __str__(self):
    return "x = " + str(self.x) + " y = " + str(self.y)
    
p = Point(100,100)

p.move(10,20)

p

#-----------------------------------------------------------

class Count:
  def __init__(self,orig):
    self.ctr = orig
    self.__orig__ = orig
  def next(self):
    self.ctr = self.ctr + 1
    return self.ctr
  def reset(self):
    self.__init__(self.__orig__)

c = Count(10)

d = Count(100)

c.next()
c.next()

d.next()

for i in range(10):
  print c.next(),d.next()
  
c.reset()

for i in range(10):
  print c.next(),d.next()

#-----------------------------------------------------------

class PlusCount:
  def __init__(self):
    self.ctr = 0

  def reset(self):
    self.ctr = 0

  def next(self):
    self.ctr = self.ctr + 1
    return self.ctr
  
  def __repr__(self):
    return repr(self.ctr)


#-----------------------------------------------------------

c1 = PlusCount()
c2 = PlusCount()

doCount(c1)
doCount(c2)
doCount(c1)

#-----------------------------------------------------------

class MinusCount:
  def __init__(self):
    self.ctr = 0

  def reset(self):
    self.ctr = 0

  def next(self):
    self.ctr = self.ctr - 1
    return self.ctr

  def __repr__(self):
    return repr(self.ctr)


#-----------------------------------------------------------

c3 = MinusCount()
doCount(c3)
doCount(c2)
doCount(c3)








#-----------------------------------------------------------

class Count:
  def __init__(self,init,nextf):
    self.ctr = init
    self.__orig__ = init
    self.__next__ = nextf
    
  def reset(self):
    self.ctr = self.__orig__
  
  def next(self):
    self.ctr = self.__next__(self.ctr)
    return self.ctr

  def __repr__(self):
    return repr(self.ctr)

#-----------------------------------------------------------

c4 = Count(0, lambda x : x + x)
c5 = Count("foo ", lambda x : x + x)

doCount(c4)
doCount(c5)