Authors: Daniele Micciancio and Salil Vadhan
Advances in Cryptology - Crypto 2003. Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 2003. LNCS 2729, Springer, pp. 282-298.
[DOI:10.1007/b11817]Abstract: We construct several new statistical zero-knowledge proofs with efficient provers, i.e. ones where the prover strategy runs in probabilistic polynomial time given an NP witness for the input string. Our first proof systems are for approximate versions of the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) and Closest Vector Problem (CVP), where the witness is simply a short vector in the lattice or a lattice vector close to the target, respectively. Our proof systems are in fact proofs of knowledge, and as a result, we immediately obtain efficient lattice-based identification schemes which can be implemented with arbitrary families of lattices in which the approximate SVP or CVP are hard.
We then turn to the general question of whether all problems in SZK intersection NP admit statistical zero-knowledge proofs with efficient provers. Towards this end, we give a statistical zero-knowledge proof system with an efficient prover for a natural restriction of Statistica Difference, a complete problem for SZK. We also suggest a plausible approach to resolving the general question in the positive.