Some academic and mathematical indices:

h-index: A researcher is said to have h-index N if they have written N papers that have been cited at least N times. My h-index is 40 (Jens Palsbergh maintains a list of Computer Scientists with h-numbers 40 or more.)

Erdos Number: The Erdos number of a mathematician is a measure of the "collaboration distance" from the noted discrete mathematician Paul Erdos. People that have co-authored papers with him have Erdos number 1. My Erdos number is 2 via a paper I co-authored with Ron and Fan Graham. (The Erdos Project maintains a list, I am listed under Ron Graham.)

Acaademic Lineage: In a similar tradition, mathematicians and theoretical computer scientists often trace their family tree with their advisor as their parent, their advisor's advisor as their grandparent, etc. The Mathematics Genealogy Project traces my lineage via Nancy Lynch to Hartley Rogers, Alonzo Church, Oswald Veblen, E.H. Moore, Simeon Poisson, and Joseph Lagrange. They go even further and with some fudging (since Lagrange never wrote a thesis) to Euler, the Bernoullis, and finally to Leibniz himself. A number of CS professors share the connection to Church.

ACM Fellows: (List of ACM Fellows with last names starting with V.)